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How can I tell if someone is in anaphylactic shock?

There are two important ways to tell if someone is suffering from anaphylactic shock. First, by identifying the symptoms of anaphylactic shock. Second, by identifying the exposure to an allergen that causes anaphylactic shock.

Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic shock is primarily an allergic reaction. To identify anaphylactic shock, first look for symptoms of allergy: Itching Red, raised, blotchy skin (hives) Wheezing Anaphylactic shock happens when the victim shows signs of low blood pressure: Confusion Weakness Pale color Unconsciousness Anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock often have symptoms of shortness of breath: Unable to speak more than one or two words Sitting straight up or with hands on knees Gasping for breath Pursing lips to breathe Using neck muscles to take breaths Identify the Allergen It's easier to identify anaphylactic shock if there is a known allergen. For instance, those with allergies to bee stings will usually know they've been stung. Sometimes, however, there is no known allergen and the victim is simply developing symptoms of anaphylaxis. Anyone who's had allergic reactions in the past should be aware of any symptoms -- especially if no allergen has been identified. If you don't know what it is that makes you sick, you don't know when you've been exposed. The situation can give you clues to figure out whether this is anaphylaxis. People with food allergies are more likely to have anaphylaxis while eating -- even when they don't think they're eating the food they are allergic to.

Anaphylactic Shock Treatment Once you've identified an allergic reaction, treatment depends on how bad the reaction is. Simple allergic reaction treatment includes preventing the reaction from developing into anaphylaxis by taking Benadryl. On the other hand, treatment for anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock may require epinephrine. Source: Krohmer, Jon. First Aid Manual. American College of Emergency Physicians. 2002. New York, NY.

How long does brain activity last after cardiac arrest?

The common medical understanding is that cardiac arrest victims become unconscious within 20 seconds of the loss of blood flow (heart stops). That's not quite the same thing as losing "all brain activity." It just means the brain is incapable of keeping you awake. All brain activity is thought to be over by about 3-4 minutes from the moment the heart stops, which is one reason why we want to start CPR as quickly as possible. It's also why hands-only CPR is good for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. It's easy: push on the chest fast and hard while someone else calls 911. If you're by yourself, call 911 first then start pumping. Make it quick, though. Not only does the brain stop working as it runs out of oxygen and sugar (brought to the brain by blood flow supplied by the heart), blood gets trapped in the brain until it starts flowing again. That stale blood is accumulating acids, free radical oxygen molecules and other toxins while it sits there. As soon as you start pumping on the chest and pushing the stale blood around, you're going to bathe the brain in those toxins. The less time those toxins have to build up, the better. It's almost as important to flush those toxins out as it is to bring fresh nutrients and oxygen in. No matter how you look at it, the quicker you start CPR, the better.

Source: Safar P, Behringer W. "Brain resuscitation after cardiac arrest." Textbook of Neurointensive Care. Edited by Layon AJ, Gabrielli A, Friedman WA. Philadelphia. WB Saunders. 2003:457–498

Stress Relief and Relaxation - Overview

Stress is a fact of life. Although some stress is normal and even needed, too much of it can affect your quality of life and your health. There are simple things you can do to help relieve stress. Tips to relieve stress When you feel stressed, you can:

Soak in a warm bath.

Listen to soothing music.

Take a walk or do some other activity.

Meditate or pray.

Take a yoga class.

Have a massage or back rub.

Have a warm drink that doesn't have alcohol or caffeine.

You also can make some changes in your everyday habits to reduce and relieve stress.

Get plenty of sleep.
Stay connected to your family, friends, and other caring people in your life.
Get regular exercise. It can help you clear your mind and work off feelings of frustration and anxiety.
Don't drink or eat anything that has caffeine in it. Caffeine can make you feel "wound up" and more stressed.
Don't smoke or use tobacco. Nicotine can make you feel more anxious.
Don't drink alcohol. It can cause sleep problems and depression.

From Web Md

If the first rescue breath given during CPR does not make the chest rise, what should we do ?

Opening the airway is usually done by using the head-tilt, chin-lift method. The intent is to pull the tongue off the back of the throat and let air pass unobstructed. Sometimes it's very hard to get the airway open this way, even when paramedics or EMTs are doing it. So, if air doesn't go in on the first try, tilt the head down and back up again, then try another rescue breath. Whether it works the second time or not, start pushing on the chest. It's important to get blood moving around the body. There's probably still plenty of oxygen in the bloodstream and only by pushing on the chest will that blood get to the brain and the heart. In years past, all the focus on delivering those rescue breaths no matter what meant some victims didn't get chest compressions as quickly as they should. The assumption used to be that if air didn't go in, there must be something stuck in the airway that needed to come out before anything else was done. Now we recognize how difficult it is to open the airway. It doesn't mean there's a chunk of steak in the airway just because the chest doesn't rise. Indeed, in some cases of cardiac arrest, rescuers are encouraged to skip the rescue breathing entirely and provide hands-only CPR. Only 2 breaths are necessary, whether successful or not. If they both work, great. Start chest compressions. If the first one works and the second one doesn't, start chest compressions. If both of them fail, start compressions. Regardless what happens after a second breath (or a second try), start chest compressions. So here are the important steps (assuming you've already called 911 or you're having someone else do it):

Head-tilt, chin-lift and try a breath.

Try it again.

Push on the chest 30 times.

Repeat.

Simple.

How to Prevent Lower Back Pain

Back pain affects about 8 out of 10 people. But there are many steps you can take to avoid it. One of the best things you can do to prevent back pain is to exercise regularly and keep your back and abdominal muscles strong. Here are some quick pointers to prevent back problems:

Always stretch before any strenuous physical activity (in fact it would be wise to engage in a regular stretching program like active isolated stretching, which is what I use every day)

Don’t slouch when standing or sitting Sit in chairs or car seats with good lumbar support

Switch sitting positions often and periodically walk around or gently stretch muscles to relieve tension

Don’t bend over without supporting your back

Wear comfortable, low-heeled shoes

Sleep on your side to reduce any curve in your spine, and always sleep on a firm surface

Lift with your legs, keeping your back straight

Try to control your weight

If you smoke, quit; smoking reduces blood flow to the lower spine and causes the spinal discs to degenerate

Also, to keep your spine strong, as with all bones, you need to get enough vitamin D every day.

Corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) for cancer and cancer pain

How It Works

Corticosteroids are strong anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used to reduce swelling that causes cancer pain.

Corticosteroids are available as pills, syrups, injections, and intravenous (IV) solutions. The type and extent of a disease determines the exact dose and schedule of administering these drugs.

Why It Is Used

Corticosteroids reduce swelling (inflammation) that causes cancer pain. They are used with other drugs, such as ondansetron and aprepitant, to control and prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

How Well It Works

Corticosteroids work well to reduce swelling and pain caused by cancer.¹ When they are used with other drugs, such as ondansetron and aprepitant, they may control and prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.²

Side Effects

Side effects are common with steroids and can include:

Nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, or ulcers. To reduce these side effects, take your pills with a full glass of fluid and a small snack.
Fluid retention, causing swelling of the hands and feet.
Increased appetite.
Increased risk of infection.
Preexisting diabetes getting worse.
Menstrual period changes.
Changes in behavior, such as symptoms of paranoia or psychosis.
Muscle wasting. You may notice that it is difficult to climb stairs or rise from sitting to standing without assistance.

Some problems may occur with long-term use. These include:

Osteoporosis.
Cataract formation.
High blood pressure.
Development of diabetes.

See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)

What To Think About

During treatment with corticosteroids, do not take any other prescription or nonprescription medicines, including herbal products, without first talking to your doctor. Many other drugs can interact with corticosteroids, resulting in side effects or changes in how well the drugs work.

Do not stop taking corticosteroids suddenly. Withdrawal effects can occur, so it is very important to take the prescribed dose at the times recommended by your doctor. You will be given instructions on how to reduce (taper) your dose gradually at the end of your treatment. Have your doctor write these instructions out for you. If you have any questions about how to taper your dose, call your doctor. Tapering is usually only necessary if you use corticosteroids for a long time. It may not be necessary if you use the steroids only for short periods.

Dexamethasone, if given too rapidly by IV, may cause temporary itching or burning in the vaginal or rectal area. This goes away after a few minutes.

To minimize side effects of oral corticosteroids, take your pills with a full glass of liquid and a small snack.

Corticosteroids should be used during pregnancy only if the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the fetus. If you are or may be pregnant, talk to your doctor before using corticosteroids. This drug can pass through your body into breast milk and should not be used while you are breast-feeding.

Avoid sources of infection. Wash your hands frequently, and keep them away from your mouth and eyes. Your immune system may be weakened while you are taking corticosteroids.

Steroids used to treat cancer and cancer pain are not the same as steroids used by body builders (anabolic steroids).

Do not use alcohol or street drugs while you are taking corticosteroids. Tell your doctor if you need more pain relief.

Natural Pain Relief for Back Pain

Eight out of 10 adults in America have—or will soon experience—back pain brought on by the wear and tear of living. It seems simple to pop a pill for the pain, but why not avoid the side effects by trying natural possibilities first? You can turn to natural healing practices and herbs to alleviate back pain. The Chinese medical perspective According to Chinese medicine, the skeletal structure, bones, and lower back are part of the kidney network. Kidney energy tends to diminish as we age, more rapidly with unhealthy diet, excessive strain, and youthful indiscretions such as drug and alcohol use. Weakness in the kidney network results in symptoms of lower back pain, as well as general weakness, fatigue, and other signs of premature aging. Replenishing kidney energy is a slow and difficult process; that is why it is essential to preserve kidney energy. Fortunately, through qigong exercises, herbs, proper diet and lifestyle, you can slow down its depletion and even regenerate certain aspects of kidney energy, and in the process, ease some of your back pain. Try these tips! 1. Eucommia for your aching back Eucommia is a traditional ingredient in herbal formulas for back and joint pain and helps to strengthen your bones, tendons, and ligaments. Western studies with rats have discovered that both the leaves and the bark of eucommia contain a compound that encourages the development of collagen, an important part of connective tissues like skin, tendons, and ligaments. A typical dosage is 350 mg twice a day. You can also try the traditional Chinese Arthritis/Joint formula, which includes eucommia and other herbs that support a strong back. 2. Press here for relief Lower back pain is one of the most common problems that we treat at the Tao of Wellness. We use acupuncture and bodywork to reduce pain, which has proven quite effective. Like acupuncture, acupressure is the art of acupuncture without needles, where you use your own fingers to stimulate a specific acupoint. The combination of the following two acupoints is good for strengthening the kidneys and alleviating back pain: • Find the acupoint: Forceful Torrent (Ki-3), which is in the depression between the inner anklebone and the Achilles tendon of the right foot. Apply steady pressure with your right thumb until you feel soreness. Hold for 3 minutes. Repeat on the left foot. • Find the acupoint: Supporting the Core. It's in the middle of the popliteal crease behind the knee of the right leg. Apply pressure with your right middle finger until you feel soreness. Hold for 3 minutes. Repeat on your left leg. You can also massage the parts or your back that are in pain. Tonic oil, which consists of oils of camphor, peppermint, eucalyptus, fennel, and wintergreen, can be massaged into your back for relief from minor aches and pains. For a traditional blend of tonic oil in a pure sesame oil base, click here. 3. Tasty treats for back pain Make a delicious anti-inflammatory cocktail by mixing equal parts of unsweetened black cherry juice with dark grape juice and drink 3 to 6 glasses a day until the pain has eased. Also, feature more pineapple in your diet. Pineapple contains an enzyme called bromelain, which is a natural anti-inflammatory that helps with back pain, as well as muscle and joint pain. 4. Exercise can ease your back Most back pain is caused by the wear and tear of living, which over time weakens our skeletal structure, in the form of bone loss or a displaced disk. Research conclusively shows that exercise early in life builds bone mass and strengthens the skeletal structure, helping to prevent injury down the road. The good news is that if you are advancing in age, regular exercise can slow the progress of degenerative bone disorders. Generally for a healthy back, I recommend a combination of exercises: a 30-minute daily walk, moderate weight training to strengthen muscles and bones, and tai chi or qigong to build endurance and flexibility. A good form to choose is Dao-In qigong, which is gentle on the body and great for loosening up the back. You can look for a local tai chi practitioner to teach you or learn from an instructional DVD. During acute back pain, exercise may be difficult or too painful. Until you are mobile, bed rest is the best.